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  • mime_content_type()

    (PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)

    检测文件的 MIME 类型

    说明

    mime_content_type(string $filename): string

    返回通过使用magic.mime检测到的文件 MIME 类型。

    参数

    $filename

    要检测的文件名。

    返回值

    返回文件的 MIME 内容类型,例如text/plainapplication/octet-stream。或者在失败时返回FALSE

    错误/异常

    失败时抛出E_WARNING警告。

    范例

    mime_content_type()示例

    <?php
    echo mime_content_type('php.gif') . "\n";
    echo mime_content_type('test.php');
    ?>
    

    以上例程会输出:

    image/gif
    text/plain
    

    参见

    Fast generation of uptodate mime types:
    <?php
    define('APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL','http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types');
    function generateUpToDateMimeArray($url){
      $s=array();
      foreach(@explode("\n",@file_get_contents($url))as $x)
        if(isset($x[0])&&$x[0]!=='#'&&preg_match_all('#([^\s]+)#',$x,$out)&&isset($out[1])&&($c=count($out[1]))>1)
          for($i=1;$i<$c;$i++)
            $s[]='&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\''.$out[1][$i].'\' => \''.$out[1][0].'\'';
      return @sort($s)?'$mime_types = array(<br />'.implode($s,',<br />').'<br />);':false;
    }
    echo
    generateUpToDateMimeArray(APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL);
    ?>
    Output:
    $mime_types = array(
      '123' => 'application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3',
      '3dml' => 'text/vnd.in3d.3dml',
      '3g2' => 'video/3gpp2',
      '3gp' => 'video/3gpp',
      '7z' => 'application/x-7z-compressed',
      'aab' => 'application/x-authorware-bin',
      'aac' => 'audio/x-aac',
      'aam' => 'application/x-authorware-map',
      'aas' => 'application/x-authorware-seg',
    ...
    Enjoy.
    Completing <some dude AT somewhere DOT com> comment:
    0 string < ? php application/x-httpd-php
    and string detection on text files may fail if you check a file encoded with signed UTF-8. The UTF-8 signature is a two bytes code (0xFF 0xFE) that prepends the file in order to force UTF-8 recognition (you may check it on an hexadecimal editor).
    There is a composer package that will do this:
    https://github.com/ralouphie/mimey
    <?php
    $mimes = new \Mimey\MimeTypes;
    // Convert extension to MIME type:
    $mimes->getMimeType('json'); // application/json
    // Convert MIME type to extension:
    $mimes->getExtension('application/json'); // json
    Regarding serkanyersen's example : It is advisable to change the regular expression to something more precise like
    preg_match("|\.([a-z0-9]{2,4})$|i", $filename, $m);
    This makes sure that only the last few characters are taken. The original expression would not work if the filename is a relative path.
    I see a lot of comments suggesting doing file extension sniffing (i.e. assuming .jpg files are JPEG images) when proper file-type sniffing functions are unavailable.
    I want to point out that there is a much more accurate way.
    If neither mime_content_type() nor Fileinfo is available to you and you are running *any* UNIX variant since the 70s, including Mac OS, OS X, Linux, etc. (and most web hosting is), just make a system call to 'file(1)'.
    Doing something like this:
    <?php
    echo system("file -bi '<file path>'");
    ?>
    will output something like "text/html; charset=us-ascii". Some systems won't add the charset bit, but strip it off just in case.
    The '-bi' bit is important. However, you can use a command like this:
    <?php
    echo system("file -b '<file path>'"); // without the 'i' after '-b'
    ?>
    to output a human-readable string, like "HTML document text", which can sometimes be useful.
    The only drawback is that your scripts will not work on Windows, but is this such a problem? Just about all web hosts use a UNIX.
    It is a far better way than just examining the file extension.
    using 
    <?php
    function detectFileMimeType($filename='')
    {
      $filename = escapeshellcmd($filename);
      $command = "file -b --mime-type -m /usr/share/misc/magic {$filename}";
      $mimeType = shell_exec($command);
          
      return trim($mimeType);
    }
    ?>
    should work on most shared linux hosts without errors. It should also work on Windows hosts with msysgit installed.
    Lukas V is IMO missing some point. The MIME type of a file may not be corresponding to the file suffix.
    Imagine someone would obfuscate some PHP code in a .gif file, the file suffix would be 'GIF' but the MIME would be text/plain or even text/html.
    Another example is files fetched via a distant server (wget / fopen / file / fsockopen...). The server can issue an error, i.e. 404 Not Found, wich again is text/html, whatever you save the file to (download_archive.rar).
    His provided function should begin by the test of the function existancy like :
    function MIMEalternative($file)
    {
      if(function_exists('mime_content_type'))
        return mime_content_type($file);
      else
        return <lukas_v.MIMEfunction>($file);
    }
    if you use a transparent 'spacer' GIF i've found it needs to be a around 25x25 for it to register as 'image/gif'. otherwise it's read in as 'text/plain'.
    <?php
    if(!function_exists('mime_content_type')) {
      function mime_content_type($filename) {
        $mime_types = array(
          'txt' => 'text/plain',
          'htm' => 'text/html',
          'html' => 'text/html',
          'php' => 'text/html',
          'css' => 'text/css',
          'js' => 'application/javascript',
          'json' => 'application/json',
          'xml' => 'application/xml',
          'swf' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
          'flv' => 'video/x-flv',
          // images
          'png' => 'image/png',
          'jpe' => 'image/jpeg',
          'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
          'jpg' => 'image/jpeg',
          'gif' => 'image/gif',
          'bmp' => 'image/bmp',
          'ico' => 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon',
          'tiff' => 'image/tiff',
          'tif' => 'image/tiff',
          'svg' => 'image/svg+xml',
          'svgz' => 'image/svg+xml',
          // archives
          'zip' => 'application/zip',
          'rar' => 'application/x-rar-compressed',
          'exe' => 'application/x-msdownload',
          'msi' => 'application/x-msdownload',
          'cab' => 'application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed',
          // audio/video
          'mp3' => 'audio/mpeg',
          'qt' => 'video/quicktime',
          'mov' => 'video/quicktime',
          // adobe
          'pdf' => 'application/pdf',
          'psd' => 'image/vnd.adobe.photoshop',
          'ai' => 'application/postscript',
          'eps' => 'application/postscript',
          'ps' => 'application/postscript',
          // ms office
          'doc' => 'application/msword',
          'rtf' => 'application/rtf',
          'xls' => 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
          'ppt' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
          // open office
          'odt' => 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text',
          'ods' => 'application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet',
        );
        $ext = strtolower(array_pop(explode('.',$filename)));
        if (array_key_exists($ext, $mime_types)) {
          return $mime_types[$ext];
        }
        elseif (function_exists('finfo_open')) {
          $finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
          $mimetype = finfo_file($finfo, $filename);
          finfo_close($finfo);
          return $mimetype;
        }
        else {
          return 'application/octet-stream';
        }
      }
    }
    ?>
    
    For me mime_content_type didn't work in Linux before I added 
    mime_magic.magicfile = "/usr/share/magic.mime"
    to php.ini (remember to find the correct path to mime.magic)
    The correct little correction:
    exec will return the mime with a newline at the end, the trim() should be called with the result of exec, not the other way around.
    <?php
    if ( ! function_exists ( 'mime_content_type ' ) )
    {
      function mime_content_type ( $f )
      {
        return trim ( exec ('file -bi ' . escapeshellarg ( $f ) ) ) ;
      }
    }
    ?>
    
    Here's a simple function to return MIME types, based on the Apache mime.types file. [The one in my previous submission, which has since been replaced by this one] only works properly if mime.types is formatted as Windows text. The updated version below corrects this problem. Thanks to Mike for pointing this out.
    <?php
    function get_mime_type($filename, $mimePath = '../etc') {
      $fileext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1);
      if (empty($fileext)) return (false);
      $regex = "/^([\w\+\-\.\/]+)\s+(\w+\s)*($fileext\s)/i";
      $lines = file("$mimePath/mime.types");
      foreach($lines as $line) {
       if (substr($line, 0, 1) == '#') continue; // skip comments
       $line = rtrim($line) . " ";
       if (!preg_match($regex, $line, $matches)) continue; // no match to the extension
       return ($matches[1]);
      }
      return (false); // no match at all
    }
    ?>
    Notes:
    [1] Requires mime.types file distributed with Apache (normally found at ServerRoot/conf/mime.types). If you are using shared hosting, download the file with the Apache distro and then upload it to a directory on your web server that php has access to.
    [2] First param is the filename (required). Second parameter is path to mime.types file (optional; defaults to home/etc/).
    [3] Based on MIME types registered with IANA (http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html). Recognizes 630 extensions associated with 498 MIME types.
    [4] Asserts MIME type based on filename extension. Does not examine the actual file; the file does not even have to exist.
    [5] Examples of use:
    >> echo get_mime_type('myFile.xml');
    >> application/xml
    >> echo get_mime_type('myPath/myFile.js');
    >> application/javascript
    >> echo get_mime_type('myPresentation.ppt');
    >> application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
    >> echo get_mime_type('http://mySite.com/myPage.php);
    >> application/x-httpd-php
    >> echo get_mime_type('myPicture.jpg');
    >> image/jpeg
    >> echo get_mime_type('myMusic.mp3');
    >> audio/mpeg
    and so on...
    To create an associative array containing MIME types, use:
    <?php
    function get_mime_array($mimePath = '../etc')
    {
      $regex = "/([\w\+\-\.\/]+)\t+([\w\s]+)/i";
      $lines = file("$mimePath/mime.types", FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES);
      foreach($lines as $line) {
       if (substr($line, 0, 1) == '#') continue; // skip comments
       if (!preg_match($regex, $line, $matches)) continue; // skip mime types w/o any extensions
       $mime = $matches[1];
       $extensions = explode(" ", $matches[2]);
       foreach($extensions as $ext) $mimeArray[trim($ext)] = $mime;
      }
      return ($mimeArray);
    }
    ?>
    
    I also had issues with this function.
    The issue was that it would almost always return "text/plain".
    echo ini_get('mime_magic.magicfile'); // returns /etc/httpd/conf/magic
    I found that I needed the OS' magic.mime file instead.
    You can either copy it to the existing location, or update your php.ini, you cannot use ini_set().
    [root@blade conf]# mv magic magic.old
    [root@blade conf]# cp /usr/share/magic.mime magic
    [root@blade conf]# apachectl graceful
    Note: you will see that I have gracefully restarted apache to ensure it has taken affect.
    <?PHP
     function qmimetype($file) {
      $ext=array_pop(explode('.',$file));
      foreach(file('/usr/local/etc/apache22/mime.types') as $line)
       if(preg_match('/^([^#]\S+)\s+.*'.$ext.'.*$/',$line,$m))
        return $m[1];
      return 'application/octet-stream';
     }
    ?>
    Not perfect, but works good enough for me ;)
    I added these two lines to my magic.mime file:
    0 string \<?php application/x-httpd-php
    0 string \<?xml text/xml
    The first one may not work if "<?php" is not at the very beginning of your file, e.g., if some HTML preceeds the first bit of PHP code. The second one should work because "<?xml" *should* be the first thing in every XML file.
    The function mime_content_type only worked for me on Microsoft Windows after I added the directive "mime_magic.debug" to my php.ini with the value of "On". The default value appears to be "Off". Exampe:
    [mime_magic]
    mime_magic.debug = On
    mime_magic.magicfile = "c:\php\extras\magic.mime"
    // Here is a working version of a function that fetches the meme types from apache's built in mime list and creates an array of which the keys are the file extensions:
    function generateUpToDateMimeArray($url){
      $return = array();
      $mimes = file_get_contents('http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types'); // make sure that allow_url_fopen is enabled!
      preg_match_all('#^([^\s]{2,}?)\s+(.+?)$#ism', $mimes, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
      
      foreach ($matches as $match){
        $exts = split(" ", $match[2]);
        foreach ($exts as $ext){
          $return[$ext]=$match[1];
        }
      }
      return $return;
    }
    // usage:
    $typeMime = generateUpToDateMimeArray();
    echo $typeMime['gif'];
    Slight improvement over Josh Sean's code: this makes a usable and formatted php file containing the latest mime associations ( strictly using the file extension) in an array or if the file_get_contents fails ( say you are offline ) leaves the original file alone. 
    I made it a bit "dummer" for readability purposes, don't judge me just improve it on your own.
    <?php
    define('APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL','http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types');
    function generateUpToDateMimeArray($url){
      $s=array();
      $result = @file_get_contents($url);
      if ($result == FALSE )
      {
        $returned = "ERROR";
      }
      else
      {
        foreach(@explode("\n",$result)as $x)
        {
          if(isset($x[0])&&$x[0]!=='#'&&preg_match_all('#([^\s]+)#',$x,$out)&&isset($out[1])&&($c=count($out[1]))>1)
            for($i=1;$i<$c;$i++)
              $s[]='  \''.$out[1][$i].'\' => \''.$out[1][0].'\'';
        }
        $returned = @sort($s)?'<?php' . "\n" . '$mime_types = array(' . "\n" . implode($s,",\n") . "\n);\n" . '?>':false;
      }
      return $returned;
    }
      $file_name = 'mime-array.php';
      $data = generateUpToDateMimeArray(APACHE_MIME_TYPES_URL);
      
      if ($data != "ERROR")
      {
        $file = fopen($file_name, 'wb') or die("cannot open $file_name\n");
        fwrite($file, $data ) or die("cannot write data\n");
        fclose($file);
        echo "updated";
      }
      else
      {
        echo "faliure";
      }
    ?>
    All you need to do is run it once and in your code you can simply add these two lines:
    <?php
    include 'mime-array.php';
    global $mime_types;
    ?>
    enjoy
    additional to svogal's video files:
    'mp4' => 'video/mp4',
    what also works:
    'mp4' => 'audio/mp4',
    Since I enabled the mime_magic extension on my IIS, I also got the error message "invalid magic file, disabled" in my phpinfo. After I add these lines to my php.ini, the message disappeared and it works great!
    mime_magic.debug = Off
    mime_magic.magicfile ="D:\PHP5\extras\magic.mime"
    mime_magic.debug is by default off but without this line it fails. I'm using PHP 5.2.5.