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  • sort()

    (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

    对数组排序

    说明

    sort(array &$array[,int $sort_flags= SORT_REGULAR]): bool

    本函数对数组进行排序。当本函数结束时数组单元将被从最低到最高重新安排。

    Note:

    If two members compare as equal, their relative order in the sorted array is undefined.

    参数

    $array

    要排序的数组。

    $sort_flags

    可选的第二个参数$sort_flags可以用以下值改变排序的行为:

    排序类型标记:

    • SORT_REGULAR-正常比较单元(不改变类型)
    • SORT_NUMERIC-单元被作为数字来比较
    • SORT_STRING-单元被作为字符串来比较
    • SORT_LOCALE_STRING-根据当前的区域(locale)设置来把单元当作字符串比较,可以用setlocale()来改变。
    • SORT_NATURAL-和natsort()类似对每个单元以“自然的顺序”对字符串进行排序。 PHP 5.4.0 中新增的。
    • SORT_FLAG_CASE-能够与SORT_STRINGSORT_NATURAL合并(OR 位运算),不区分大小写排序字符串。

    返回值

    成功时返回TRUE,或者在失败时返回FALSE

    更新日志

    版本说明
    5.4.0添加了$sort_flagsSORT_NATURALSORT_FLAG_CASE的支持。
    5.0.2添加了SORT_LOCALE_STRING

    范例

    Example #1sort()例子

    <?php
    $fruits = array("lemon", "orange", "banana", "apple");
    sort($fruits);
    foreach ($fruits as $key => $val) {
        echo "fruits[" . $key . "] = " . $val . "\n";
    }
    ?>
    

    以上例程会输出:

    fruits[0] = apple
    fruits[1] = banana
    fruits[2] = lemon
    fruits[3] = orange
    

    fruits 被按照字母顺序排序。

    使用不区分大小写自然排序的sort()例子

    <?php
    $fruits = array(
        "Orange1", "orange2", "Orange3", "orange20"
    );
    sort($fruits, SORT_NATURAL | SORT_FLAG_CASE);
    foreach ($fruits as $key => $val) {
        echo "fruits[" . $key . "] = " . $val . "\n";
    }
    ?>
    

    以上例程会输出:

    fruits[0] = Orange1
    fruits[1] = orange2
    fruits[2] = Orange3
    fruits[3] = orange20
    

    fruits 排序得像natcasesort()的结果。

    注释

    Note:此函数为$array中的元素赋与新的键名。这将删除原有的键名,而不是仅仅将键名重新排序。

    Note:和大多数 PHP 排序函数一样,sort()使用了» Quicksort实现的。 The pivot is chosen in the middle of the partition resulting in an optimal time for already sorted arrays. This is however an implementation detail you shouldn't rely on.

    Warning

    在对含有混合类型值的数组排序时要小心,因为sort()可能会产生不可预知的结果。

    参见

    • asort() 对数组进行排序并保持索引关系
    • 数组排序函数对比
    Simple function to sort an array by a specific key. Maintains index association.
    <?php
    function array_sort($array, $on, $order=SORT_ASC)
    {
      $new_array = array();
      $sortable_array = array();
      if (count($array) > 0) {
        foreach ($array as $k => $v) {
          if (is_array($v)) {
            foreach ($v as $k2 => $v2) {
              if ($k2 == $on) {
                $sortable_array[$k] = $v2;
              }
            }
          } else {
            $sortable_array[$k] = $v;
          }
        }
        switch ($order) {
          case SORT_ASC:
            asort($sortable_array);
          break;
          case SORT_DESC:
            arsort($sortable_array);
          break;
        }
        foreach ($sortable_array as $k => $v) {
          $new_array[$k] = $array[$k];
        }
      }
      return $new_array;
    }
    $people = array(
      12345 => array(
        'id' => 12345,
        'first_name' => 'Joe',
        'surname' => 'Bloggs',
        'age' => 23,
        'sex' => 'm'
      ),
      12346 => array(
        'id' => 12346,
        'first_name' => 'Adam',
        'surname' => 'Smith',
        'age' => 18,
        'sex' => 'm'
      ),
      12347 => array(
        'id' => 12347,
        'first_name' => 'Amy',
        'surname' => 'Jones',
        'age' => 21,
        'sex' => 'f'
      )
    );
    print_r(array_sort($people, 'age', SORT_DESC)); // Sort by oldest first
    print_r(array_sort($people, 'surname', SORT_ASC)); // Sort by surname
    /*
    Array
    (
      [12345] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12345
          [first_name] => Joe
          [surname] => Bloggs
          [age] => 23
          [sex] => m
        )
     
      [12347] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12347
          [first_name] => Amy
          [surname] => Jones
          [age] => 21
          [sex] => f
        )
     
      [12346] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12346
          [first_name] => Adam
          [surname] => Smith
          [age] => 18
          [sex] => m
        )
     
    )
    Array
    (
      [12345] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12345
          [first_name] => Joe
          [surname] => Bloggs
          [age] => 23
          [sex] => m
        )
     
      [12347] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12347
          [first_name] => Amy
          [surname] => Jones
          [age] => 21
          [sex] => f
        )
     
      [12346] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12346
          [first_name] => Adam
          [surname] => Smith
          [age] => 18
          [sex] => m
        )
     
    )
    */
    ?>
    
    unless you specify the second argument, "regular" comparisons will be used. I quote from the page on comparison operators:
    "If you compare a number with a string or the comparison involves numerical strings, then each string is converted to a number and the comparison performed numerically."
    What this means is that "10" < "1a", and "1a" < "2", but "10" > "2". In other words, regular PHP string comparisons are not transitive.
    This implies that the output of sort() can in rare cases depend on the order of the input array:
    <?php
    function echo_sorted($a)
    {
      echo "{$a[0]} {$a[1]} {$a[2]}";
      sort($a);
      echo " => {$a[0]} {$a[1]} {$a[2]}\n";
    }
    // on PHP 5.2.6:
    echo_sorted(array( "10", "1a", "2")); // => 10 1a 2
    echo_sorted(array( "10", "2", "1a")); // => 1a 2 10
    echo_sorted(array( "1a", "10", "2")); // => 2 10 1a
    echo_sorted(array( "1a", "2", "10")); // => 1a 2 10
    echo_sorted(array( "2", "10", "1a")); // => 2 10 1a
    echo_sorted(array( "2", "1a", "10")); // => 10 1a 2
    ?>
    
    Sorting the keys, but keep the values in order is not possible by just ordering, because it would result in a new array. This is also the solution: Create a new array
    <?php
    $a = array(9=>"a",8=>"c",5=>"d");
    $keys = array_keys($a);
    sort($keys);
    $result = array_combine($keys, array_values($a));
    //Result : array(5=>"a",8=>"c",9=>"d");
    ?>
    
    Commenting on note http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.sort.php#62311 :
    Sorting an array of objects will not always yield the results you desire.
    As pointed out correctly in the note above, sort() sorts the array by value of the first member variable. However, you can not always assume the order of your member variables! You must take into account your class hierarchy!
    By default, PHP places the inherited member variables on top, meaning your first member variable is NOT the first variable in your class definition! 
    However, if you use code analyzers or a compile cache, things can be very different. E.g., in eAccelerator, the inherited member variables are at the end, meaning you get different sort results with caching on or off.
    Conclusion:
    Never use sort on arrays with values of a type other than scalar or array.
    This took me longer than it should have to figure out, but if you want the behavior of sort($array, SORT_STRING) (that is, re-indexing the array unlike natcasesort) in a case-insensitive manner, it is a simple matter of doing usort($array, strcasecmp).
    This function will sort entity letters eg:&eacute;
    I hope that help someone
    function sort_entity($array) {
      $total = count($array);
      for ($i=0;$i<$total;$i++) {
        if ($array[$i]{0} == '&') {
          $array[$i] = $array[$i]{1}.$array[$i];
        } else {
          $array[$i] = $array[$i]{0}.$array[$i];
        }
      }
      sort($array);
      
      for ($i=0;$i<$total;$i++) {
        $array[$i] = substr($array[$i],1);
      }
      
      return $array;
    }
    I had a multidimensional array, which needed to be sorted by one of the keys. This is what I came up with...
    <?php
    function msort($array, $id="id") {
        $temp_array = array();
        while(count($array)>0) {
          $lowest_id = 0;
          $index=0;
          foreach ($array as $item) {
            if ($item[$id]<$array[$lowest_id][$id]) {
              $lowest_id = $index;
            }
            $index++;
          }
          $temp_array[] = $array[$lowest_id];
          $array = array_merge(array_slice($array, 0,$lowest_id), array_slice($array, $lowest_id+1));
        }
        return $temp_array;
      }
    ?>
    Ex:
    <?php
    //oh no, this is not in the ordered by id!!
    $data[] = array("item"=>"item 4", "id"=>4);
    $data[] = array("item"=>"item 1", "id"=>1);
    $data[] = array("item"=>"item 3", "id"=>3);
    $data[] = array("item"=>"item 2", "id"=>2);
    var_dump( msort($data) ); //just msort it!
    /* outputs 
    array
     0 => 
      array
       'item' => 'item 1' (length=6)
       'id' => 1
     1 => 
      array
       'item' => 'item 2' (length=6)
       'id' => 2
     2 => 
      array
       'item' => 'item 3' (length=6)
       'id' => 3
     3 => 
      array
       'item' => 'item 4' (length=6)
       'id' => 4
    */
    ?>
    
    <?php
    /**
    This sort function allows you to sort an associative array while "sticking" some fields.
    $sticky_fields = an array of fields that should not be re-sorted. This is a method of achieving sub-sorts within contiguous groups of records that have common data in some fields.
    For example:
    $a = array();
    $a []= array(
      'name'     => 'Sam',
      'age'     => 23,
      'hire_date'  => '2004-01-01'
    );
    $a []= array(
      'name'    => 'Sam',
      'age'    => 44,
      'hire_date'  => '2003-03-23'
    );
    $a []= array(
      'name'    => 'Jenny',
      'age'    => 20,
      'hire_date' => '2000-12-31'
    );
    $a []= array(
      'name'    => 'Samantha',
      'age'    => 50,
      'hire_date' => '2000-12-14'
    );
    $sticky_fields = array( 'name' );
    print_r( stickysort( $a, 'age', DESC_NUM, $sticky_fields ) );
    OUTPUT:
    Array
    (
      [0] => Array
        (
          [name] => Sam
          [age] => 44
          [hire_date] => 2003-03-23
        )
      [1] => Array
        (
          [name] => Sam
          [age] => 23
          [hire_date] => 2004-01-01
        )
      [2] => Array
        (
          [name] => Jenny
          [age] => 20
          [hire_date] => 2000-12-31
        )
      [3] => Array
        (
          [name] => Samantha
          [age] => 50
          [hire_date] => 2000-12-14
        )
    )
    Here's why this is the correct output - the "name" field is sticky, so it cannot change its sort order. Thus, the "age" field is only sorted as a sub-sort within records where "name" is identical. Thus, the "Sam" records are reversed, because 44 > 23, but Samantha remains at the bottom, even though her age is 50. This is a way of achieving "sub-sorts" and "sub-sub-sorts" (and so on) within records of identical data for specific fields.
    Courtesy of the $5 Script Archive: http://www.tufat.com
    **/
    define( 'ASC_AZ', 1000 );
    define( 'DESC_AZ', 1001 );
    define( 'ASC_NUM', 1002 );
    define( 'DESC_NUM', 1003 );
    function stickysort( $arr, $field, $sort_type, $sticky_fields = array() ) {
      $i = 0;
      foreach ($arr as $value) {
        $is_contiguous = true;
        if(!empty($grouped_arr)) {
          $last_value = end($grouped_arr[$i]);
          if(!($sticky_fields == array())) {
            foreach ($sticky_fields as $sticky_field) {
              if ($value[$sticky_field] <> $last_value[$sticky_field]) {
                $is_contiguous = false;
                break;
              }
            }
          }
        }
        if ($is_contiguous)
          $grouped_arr[$i][] = $value;
        else
          $grouped_arr[++$i][] = $value;
      }
      $code = '';
      switch($sort_type) {
        case ASC_AZ:
          $code .= 'return strcasecmp($a["'.$field.'"], $b["'.$field.'"]);';
          break;
        case DESC_AZ:
          $code .= 'return (-1*strcasecmp($a["'.$field.'"], $b["'.$field.'"]));';
          break;
        case ASC_NUM:
          $code .= 'return ($a["'.$field.'"] - $b["'.$field.'"]);';
          break;
        case DESC_NUM:
          $code .= 'return ($b["'.$field.'"] - $a["'.$field.'"]);';
          break;
      }
      $compare = create_function('$a, $b', $code);
      foreach($grouped_arr as $grouped_arr_key=>$grouped_arr_value)
        usort ( $grouped_arr[$grouped_arr_key], $compare );
      $arr = array();
      foreach($grouped_arr as $grouped_arr_key=>$grouped_arr_value)
        foreach($grouped_arr[$grouped_arr_key] as $grouped_arr_arr_key=>$grouped_arr_arr_value)
          $arr[] = $grouped_arr[$grouped_arr_key][$grouped_arr_arr_key];
      return $arr;
    }
    ?>
    
    #This is a function that will sort an array...
    function sort_by($array, $keyname = null, $sortby) {
      $myarray = $inarray = array();  
      # First store the keyvalues in a seperate array
      foreach ($array as $i => $befree) { 
        $myarray[$i] = $array[$i][$keyname];
      }
      # Sort the new array by
      switch ($sortby) {
      case 'asc':
      # Sort an array and maintain index association...
      asort($myarray); 
      break;
      case 'arsort':
      # Sort an array in reverse order and maintain index association 
      arsort($myarray); 
      break;
      case 'natcasesor':
      # Sort an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm
      natcasesort($myarray); 
      break;
      }
      # Rebuild the old array
      foreach ( $myarray as $key=> $befree) {
        $inarray[$key] = $array[$key];
      }
      return $inarray;
    } 
    sort_by(); example...
    $info = sort_by($myarray, 'name', $use = 'asc');  
    print_r($info);
    In order to make some multidimensional quick sort implementation, take advantage of this stuff
    <?php
        function quickSortMultiDimensional($array, $chave) {
          if( count( $array ) < 2 ) {
            return $array;
          }
          $left = $right = array( );
          reset( $array );
          $pivot_key  = key( $array );
          $pivot  = array_shift( $array );
          foreach( $array as $k => $v ) {
            if( $v[$chave] < $pivot[$chave] )
                $left[$k][$chave] = $v[$chave];
            else
                $right[$k][$chave] = $v[$chave];
          }
          return array_merge(
                      quickSortMultiDimensional($left, $chave), 
                      array($pivot_key => $pivot), 
                      quickSortMultiDimensional($right, $chave)
          );      
        }
    ?>
    I make it using the idea from pageconfig dot com
    tks for viewing
    If you need to sort an array containing some equivalent values and you want the equivalents to end up next to each other in the overall order (similar to a MySQL's ORDER BY output), rather than breaking the function, do this:
    <?php
    sort($array, ksort($array))
    ?>
    -When the sort() function finds two equivalents, it will sort them arbitrarily by their key #'s as a second parameter.
    -Dirk
    A little shorter way to sort an array of objects; with a callback function.
    <?php 
    function objSort(&$objArray,$indexFunction,$sort_flags=0) {
      $indices = array();
      foreach($objArray as $obj) {
        $indeces[] = $indexFunction($obj);
      }
      return array_multisort($indeces,$objArray,$sort_flags);
    }
    function getIndex($obj) {
      return $obj->getPosition();
    }
    objSort($objArray,'getIndex'); 
    ?>
    
    As some people have mentioned before sorting a multidimentional array can be a bit tricky. it took me quite a while to get it going but it works as a charm:
    <?php
    //$order has to be either asc or desc
     function sortmulti ($array, $index, $order, $natsort=FALSE, $case_sensitive=FALSE) {
        if(is_array($array) && count($array)>0) {
          foreach(array_keys($array) as $key) 
          $temp[$key]=$array[$key][$index];
          if(!$natsort) {
            if ($order=='asc')
              asort($temp);
            else  
              arsort($temp);
          }
          else 
          {
            if ($case_sensitive===true)
              natsort($temp);
            else
              natcasesort($temp);
          if($order!='asc') 
            $temp=array_reverse($temp,TRUE);
          }
          foreach(array_keys($temp) as $key) 
            if (is_numeric($key))
              $sorted[]=$array[$key];
            else  
              $sorted[$key]=$array[$key];
          return $sorted;
        }
      return $sorted;
    }
    ?>
    
    I ran into the same problem with case insensitive sorting. Actually I think there should be a SORT_STRING_CASE flag but I tried the following:
    usort($listing, 'strcasecmp');
    This didn't work (why not?), but you can do a proper case insensitive sort like this:
    usort($listing, create_function('$a,$b','return strcasecmp($a,$b);'));
    It's useful to know that if you're using this function on a multidimensional array, php will sort the first key, then the second and so on. This is similar to being able to use SQL to order by field1, field2 etc.
    So:
    Array ( 
    [0] => Array ( [category] => work [name] => Smith ) 
    [1] => Array ( [category] => play [name] => Johnson ) 
    [2] => Array ( [category] => work [name] => Berger )
    )
    will become:
    Array ( 
    [0] => Array ( [category] => play [name] => Johnson )
    [1] => Array ( [category] => work [name] => Berger ) 
    [2] => Array ( [category] => work [name] => Smith ) 
    )
    Hope it helps someone.
    Here is a function to sort an array by the key of his sub-array with keep key in top level.
    <?php
    function sksort(&$array, $subkey="id", $sort_descending=false, $keep_keys_in_sub = false) {
      $temp_array = $array;
      foreach ($temp_array as $key => &$value) {
       
       $sort = array();
       foreach ($value as $index => $val) {
         $sort[$index] = $val[$subkey];
       }
       
       asort($sort);
       
       $keys = array_keys($sort);
       $newValue = array();
       foreach ($keys as $index) {
        if($keep_keys_in_sub)
          $newValue[$index] = $value[$index];
         else
          $newValue[] = $value[$index];
       }
       
       if($sort_descending)
        $value = array_reverse($newValue, $keep_keys_in_sub);
       else
        $value = $newValue;
      }
      
      $array = $temp_array;
     }
    ?>
    
    sort() used with strings doesn't sort just alphabetically. It sorts all upper-case strings alphabetically first and then sorts lower-case strings alphabetically second. 
    Just in case anyone was as confused as I was and I've never seen this mentioned anywhere.
    I dig the multi_sort function(s) from above. But, they don't work for hash arrays. I added a keys variable to keep track of the key value as the array gets sorted. Feed back welcome.
    <?php
    function array_qsort (&$array, $column=0, $order=SORT_ASC, $first=0, $last= -2) 
    { 
     // $array - the array to be sorted 
     // $column - index (column) on which to sort 
     //     can be a string if using an associative array 
     // $order - SORT_ASC (default) for ascending or SORT_DESC for descending 
     // $first - start index (row) for partial array sort 
     // $last - stop index (row) for partial array sort 
     // $keys - array of key values for hash array sort
     
     $keys = array_keys($array);
     if($last == -2) $last = count($array) - 1; 
     if($last > $first) { 
      $alpha = $first; 
      $omega = $last;
      $key_alpha = $keys[$alpha]; 
      $key_omega = $keys[$omega];
      $guess = $array[$key_alpha][$column]; 
      while($omega >= $alpha) { 
       if($order == SORT_ASC) { 
        while($array[$key_alpha][$column] < $guess) {$alpha++; $key_alpha = $keys[$alpha]; }
        while($array[$key_omega][$column] > $guess) {$omega--; $key_omega = $keys[$omega]; }
       } else { 
        while($array[$key_alpha][$column] > $guess) {$alpha++; $key_alpha = $keys[$alpha]; }
        while($array[$key_omega][$column] < $guess) {$omega--; $key_omega = $keys[$omega]; }
       } 
       if($alpha > $omega) break; 
       $temporary = $array[$key_alpha]; 
       $array[$key_alpha] = $array[$key_omega]; $alpha++;
       $key_alpha = $keys[$alpha];
       $array[$key_omega] = $temporary; $omega--;
       $key_omega = $keys[$omega];
      } 
      array_qsort ($array, $column, $order, $first, $omega); 
      array_qsort ($array, $column, $order, $alpha, $last); 
     } 
    } 
    ?>
    
    Here is no word about sorting UTF-8 strings by any collation. This should not be so uncommon?
    EDIT: To the original note by "phpdotnet at m4tt dot co dot uk" 
    Use array_push instead of $new_array[$k] for some reason it was 
    giving me string indexes.
    Simple function to sort an array by a specific key. Maintains index association.
    <?php
    function array_sort($array, $on, $order=SORT_ASC)
    {
      $new_array = array();
      $sortable_array = array();
      if (count($array) > 0) {
        foreach ($array as $k => $v) {
          if (is_array($v)) {
            foreach ($v as $k2 => $v2) {
              if ($k2 == $on) {
                $sortable_array[$k] = $v2;
              }
            }
          } else {
            $sortable_array[$k] = $v;
          }
        }
        switch ($order) {
          case SORT_ASC:
            asort($sortable_array);
          break;
          case SORT_DESC:
            arsort($sortable_array);
          break;
        }
        foreach ($sortable_array as $k => $v) {
          array_push($new_array, $array[$k]);
        }
      }
      return $new_array;
    }
    $people = array(
      12345 => array(
        'id' => 12345,
        'first_name' => 'Joe',
        'surname' => 'Bloggs',
        'age' => 23,
        'sex' => 'm'
      ),
      12346 => array(
        'id' => 12346,
        'first_name' => 'Adam',
        'surname' => 'Smith',
        'age' => 18,
        'sex' => 'm'
      ),
      12347 => array(
        'id' => 12347,
        'first_name' => 'Amy',
        'surname' => 'Jones',
        'age' => 21,
        'sex' => 'f'
      )
    );
    print_r(array_sort($people, 'age', SORT_DESC)); // Sort by oldest first
    print_r(array_sort($people, 'surname', SORT_ASC)); // Sort by surname
    /*
    Array
    (
      [12345] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12345
          [first_name] => Joe
          [surname] => Bloggs
          [age] => 23
          [sex] => m
        )
      [12347] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12347
          [first_name] => Amy
          [surname] => Jones
          [age] => 21
          [sex] => f
        )
      [12346] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12346
          [first_name] => Adam
          [surname] => Smith
          [age] => 18
          [sex] => m
        )
    )
    Array
    (
      [12345] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12345
          [first_name] => Joe
          [surname] => Bloggs
          [age] => 23
          [sex] => m
        )
      [12347] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12347
          [first_name] => Amy
          [surname] => Jones
          [age] => 21
          [sex] => f
        )
      [12346] => Array
        (
          [id] => 12346
          [first_name] => Adam
          [surname] => Smith
          [age] => 18
          [sex] => m
        )
    )
    */
    ?>
    
    /*
     * Name : Aditya Mehrotra 
     * Email: aditycse@gmail.com
     */
    //Example for sorting by values for an alphanumeric array also having case-sensitive data
    $exampleArray1 = $exampleArray2 = array(
      0 => 'example1',
      1 => 'Example10',
      2 => 'example12',
      3 => 'Example2',
      4 => 'example3',
      5 => 'EXAMPLE10',
      6 => 'example10'
    );
    //default sorting
    asort($exampleArray1);
    // alphanumeric with case-sensitive data sorting by values
    asort($exampleArray2, SORT_STRING | SORT_FLAG_CASE | SORT_NATURAL);
    //output of defaut sorting
    print_r($exampleArray1);
    /*
     * output of default sorting
     Array
     (
     [5] => EXAMPLE10
     [1] => Example10
     [3] => Example2
     [0] => example1
     [6] => example10
     [2] => example12
     [4] => example3
     )
     */
    print_r($exampleArray2);
    /*
     * output of alphanumeric with case-sensitive data sorting by values
     Array
    (
      [0] => example1
      [3] => Example2
      [4] => example3
      [5] => EXAMPLE10
      [1] => Example10
      [6] => example10
      [2] => example12
    )
     */
    I read up on various problems re: sort() and German Umlaut chars and my head was soon spinning - bug in sort() or not, solution via locale or not, etc. ... (a total newbie here).
    The obvious solution for me was quick and dirty: transform the Umlaut chars (present as HTML codes in my case) to their normal equivalent ('ä' = 'ae', 'ö' = 'oe', 'ü' = 'ue', 'ß' = 'ss' etc.), sort the array, then transform back. However there are cases in which a 'Mueller' is really that and does NOT need to be transformed into 'Müller' afterwards. Hence I for example replace the Umlaut itself with it's normal equivalent plus a char not used in the string otherwise (e.g. '_') so that the transfer back to Umlaut would only take place on certain combinations.
    Of course any other char instead of '_' can be used as additional char (influencing the sort result). I know that my solution is rough at the edges and may cause other sort problems but it was sufficient for my purpose.
    The array '$dat' in this example was filled with German town names (I actually worked with a multiple array ('$dat[][]') but stripped the code down to this as it's easier to understand):
    <?php
    // START Pre-sorting (Umlaut -> normal letters)
    $max = count($dat);
    for($totcnt = 0; $totcnt < $max; $totcnt++){
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&szlig;','ss_',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&Auml;','Ae_',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&auml;','ae_',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&Ouml;','Oe_',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&ouml;','oe_',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&Uuml;','Ue_',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('&uuml;','ue_',$dat[$totcnt]);
    }
    // END Pre-sorting (Umlaut -> normal letters)
    // START Sorting //
    function compare_towns($a, $b)
    {
    return strnatcmp($a, $b);
    }
    usort($dat, 'compare_towns');
    // END Sorting //
    // START Post-sorting (normal letters -> Umlaut)
    for($totcnt = 0; $totcnt < $max; $totcnt++){
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('ss_','&szlig;',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('Ae_','&Auml;',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('ae_','&auml;',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('Oe_','&Ouml;',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('oe_','&ouml;',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('Ue_','&Uuml;',$dat[$totcnt]);
      $dat[$totcnt]=str_replace('ue_','&uuml;',$dat[$totcnt]);
    }
    // END Post-sorting (normal letters -> Umlaut)
    ?>
    
    if you are not interested in high or low case sort
    <?php
    //where
    $sortable_array[$k] = $v2; 
    //put
    $sortable_array[$k] = strtolower($v2);
    //and where
    $sortable_array[$k] = $v;
    //put
    $sortable_array[$k] = strtolower($v);
    ?>
    
    Sorting of an array by a method of inserts.
    <?
     
        function sortByField($multArray,$sortField,$desc=true){
          $tmpKey='';
          $ResArray=array();
          $maIndex=array_keys($multArray);
          $maSize=count($multArray)-1;
          for($i=0; $i < $maSize ; $i++) {
            $minElement=$i;
            $tempMin=$multArray[$maIndex[$i]][$sortField];
            $tmpKey=$maIndex[$i];
            for($j=$i+1; $j <= $maSize; $j++)
             if($multArray[$maIndex[$j]][$sortField] < $tempMin ) {
               $minElement=$j;
               $tmpKey=$maIndex[$j];
               $tempMin=$multArray[$maIndex[$j]][$sortField];
             }
             $maIndex[$minElement]=$maIndex[$i];
             $maIndex[$i]=$tmpKey;
          }
          if($desc)
            for($j=0;$j<=$maSize;$j++)
             $ResArray[$maIndex[$j]]=$multArray[$maIndex[$j]];
          else
           for($j=$maSize;$j>=0;$j--)
             $ResArray[$maIndex[$j]]=$multArray[$maIndex[$j]];
          return $ResArray;
        }
    // make array
    $array['aaa']=array("name"=>"vasia","order"=>1);
    $array['bbb']=array("name"=>"petia","order"=>2);
    $array['ccc']=array("name"=>"kolia","order"=>3);
    $array['ddd']=array("name"=>"zenia","order"=>4);
    // set sort 
    $SortOrder=0; // desc by default , 1- asc
    var_dump(sortByField($array,'order',$SortOrder));
    array
     'ddd' => 
      array
       'name' => 'zenia' (length=5)
       'order' => 4
     'aaa' => 
      array
       'name' => 'vasia' (length=5)
       'order' => 1
     'bbb' => 
      array
       'name' => 'petia' (length=5)
       'order' => 2
     'ccc' => 
      array
       'name' => 'kolia' (length=5)
       'order' => 3
    ?>
    
    <?php
    /**
    This sort function allows you to sort an associative array while "sticking" some fields.
    $sticky_fields = an array of fields that should not be re-sorted. This is a method of achieving sub-sorts within contiguous groups of records that have common data in some fields.
    Courtesy of the $5 Script Archive: http://www.tufat.com
    **/
    define( 'ASC_AZ', 1000 );
    define( 'DESC_AZ', 1001 );
    define( 'ASC_NUM', 1002 );
    define( 'DESC_NUM', 1003 );
    function stickysort( $arr, $field, $sort_type, $sticky_fields = array() ) {
      $i = 0;
      foreach ($arr as $value) {
        $is_contiguous = true;
        if(!empty($grouped_arr)) {
          $last_value = end($grouped_arr[$i]);
          if(!($sticky_fields == array())) {
            foreach ($sticky_fields as $sticky_field) {
              if ($value[$sticky_field] <> $last_value[$sticky_field]) {
                $is_contiguous = false;
                break;
              }
            }
          }
        }
        if ($is_contiguous)
          $grouped_arr[$i][] = $value;
        else
          $grouped_arr[++$i][] = $value;
      }
      $code = '';
      switch($sort_type) {
        case ASC_AZ:
          $code .= 'return strcasecmp($a["'.$field.'"], $b["'.$field.'"]);';
          break;
        case DESC_AZ:
          $code .= 'return (-1*strcasecmp($a["'.$field.'"], $b["'.$field.'"]));';
          break;
        case ASC_NUM:
          $code .= 'return ($a["'.$field.'"] - $b["'.$field.'"]);';
          break;
        case DESC_NUM:
          $code .= 'return ($b["'.$field.'"] - $a["'.$field.'"]);';
          break;
      }
      $compare = create_function('$a, $b', $code);
      foreach($grouped_arr as $grouped_arr_key=>$grouped_arr_value)
        usort ( $grouped_arr[$grouped_arr_key], $compare );
      $arr = array();
      foreach($grouped_arr as $grouped_arr_key=>$grouped_arr_value)
        foreach($grouped_arr[$grouped_arr_key] as $grouped_arr_arr_key=>$grouped_arr_arr_value)
          $arr[] = $grouped_arr[$grouped_arr_key][$grouped_arr_arr_key];
      return $arr;
    }
    ?>
    
    Faster, more effective function:
    array_sort (array, ['asc'/'desc'])
    Second parameter specifies whether to order ascending or descending. Default is ascending.
    function array_sort($array, $type='asc'){
      $result=array();
      foreach($array as $var => $val){
        $set=false;
        foreach($result as $var2 => $val2){
          if($set==false){
            if($val>$val2 && $type=='desc' || $val<$val2 && $type=='asc'){
              $temp=array();
              foreach($result as $var3 => $val3){
                if($var3==$var2) $set=true;
                if($set){
                  $temp[$var3]=$val3;
                  unset($result[$var3]);
                }
              }
              $result[$var]=$val;  
              foreach($temp as $var3 => $val3){
                $result[$var3]=$val3;
              }
            }
          }
        }
        if(!$set){
          $result[$var]=$val;
        }
      }
      return $result;
    }
    Works for ordering by integers or strings, no need to specify which.
    Example:
    $array=array('a' => 50, 'b' => 25, 'c' => 75);
    print_r(array_sort($array));
    Returns:
    Array
    (
    [b] => 25
    [a] => 50
    [c] => 75
    )
    I had an array like this:
    $arr=array (1,4,3,6,5);
    which returns this:
    $arr[0]=1
    $arr[1]=4
    $arr[2]=3
    $arr[3]=6
    $arr[4]=5
    But lets say i remove [2] which is number 3, i get:
    $arr[0]=1
    $arr[1]=4
    $arr[3]=6
    $arr[4]=5
    And i want to reindex without doing a sort because i dont want to lose the order of the numbers (like a pop in a stack but in the middle of the list), i do this:
    $arr=array_chunk($arr,count($arr));
    $arr=$arr[0];
    the result is:
    $arr[0]=1
    $arr[1]=4
    $arr[2]=6
    $arr[3]=5
    This can be applied mostly for tree sorting, when you only have the id and the parent values of the node, and you want to have N levels.
    <?php
      
    /**
     * function: array_columns
     * author: Brecht Cloetens
     * params: $a = array() // original array
     *     $c = int() // number of columns
     */
    function array_columns(&$a, $c=2)
    {
      $m = ceil(count($a)/$c);
      $j = 0;
      for($i=0; $i<$m; $i++) {
        for($k=0; $k<$c; $k++) {
          $key = $i+($m*$k);
          settype($key,'integer');
          if(array_key_exists($key,$a)) {
            $b[$j] = $a[$key];
            $j++;
          }
        }
      }
      $a = $b;
    }
    $arr = range('a','z');
    array_columns($arr,4);
    print_r($arr);
    ?>
    Example:
    array(1,2,3,4,5) will be converted to array(1,4,2,5,3);
    This can be easy if you want to display an array into a specified number of columns.
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td>$arr[0] => 1</td>
        <td>$arr[1] => 4</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>$arr[2] => 2</td>
        <td>$arr[3] => 5</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>$arr[4] => 3</td>
        <td></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    sort from textfile by coloumn
    example name||date||time||comments
    if you want to sort by date
    $column = 2
    <?php
    function array_sort($array,$column){
     $column = $column-1;
     foreach($array as $line){
     $bits = explode("||",$line);
     $bits ="$bits[$column]**$line";
     $array1[]=$bits;
    }
     asort($array1);
     foreach($array1 as $line){
     $bit = explode("**",$line);
     $bit ="$bit[1]";
     $array2[]=$bit;
    }
     return$array2;
    }
    ?>
    
    Ik you want to sort case insensitive, use the natcasesort()
    In a brief addition to the previous poster's message, the ascending sorting order used by PHP directly corresponds to ISO-8859-1 (ASCII). Therefore the character \48 (numeral 0) would be placed before the character \82 (R), which would be placed before the character \110 (n), and so forth.
    here is little script which will merge arrays, remove duplicates and sort it by alphabetical order:
    <?php
    $array1 = array('apple', 'banana','pear');
    $array2 = array('grape', 'pear','orange');
    function array_unique_merge_sort($array1, $array2){
    $array = array_unique(array_merge($array1, $array2));
    sort($array);
    foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
      $new[$key] = $value;
    }
    return $new;
    }
    print_r (array_unique_merge_sort($array1, $array2));
    ?>
    this will print out:
    Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => grape [3] => orange [4] => pear )
    To sort an array of multiple text fields alphabetically you have to make the text lowercase before sorting the array. Otherwise PHP puts acronyms before words. You can see this in my example code. Simply store the original text field at the end of the array line and call it later from there. You can safely ignore the lowercase version which is added to the start of the array line.
    <?php
    echo '<pre>ORIGINAL DATA:
    <br />';
    $data = array(
    'Saturn|7|8|9|0||',
    'Hello|0|1|2|3||',
    'SFX|5|3|2|4||',
    'HP|9|0|5|6||'
    );
    print_r($data);
    sort($data);
    reset($data);
    echo '<br />RAW SORT:
    <br />';
    print_r($data);
    for ($c = 0; $c < count($data); $c++) {
      list ($letter,$g1,$g2,$g3,$g4,$end) = explode ('|', $data[$c]);
      $lowercase = strtolower($letter);
      $data2[$c] = array($lowercase,$g1,$g2,$g3,$g4,$letter);
    }
    sort($data2);
    reset($data2);
    echo '<br />LOWERCASE SORT:
    <br />';
    print_r($data2);
    echo '</pre>';
    ?>
    
    If you sort an array of objects, the first variable in the object will be used for sorting:
    <?php
    class foo
    {
     var $value; //First variable: Used for sorting
     var $id;
     function foo($i, $v)
     {
       $this->id = $i;
       $this->value = $v;
     }
    }
    for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
    {
     $bar[] = new foo($i,rand(1,10));
    }
    // This will sort on value
    sort($bar);
    print_r($bar);
    ?>
    Compare the piece of code above with the following:
    <?php
    class foo
    {
     var $id; //First variable: Used for sorting
     var $value;
     function foo($i, $v)
     {
       $this->id = $i;
       $this->value = $v;
     }
    }
    for ($i = 0; $i = 10; $i++)
    {
     $bar[] = new foo($i,rand(1,10));
    }
    // This will sort on id
    sort($bar);
    print_r($bar);
    ?>
    As you can see the location of declaration of the variables matter!
    If you want to sort on both or on a combination of variables, use ksort()

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