strtok()
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
标记分割字符串
说明
strtok(string $str, string $token) : string
strtok(string $token) : string
strtok()将字符串$str分割为若干子字符串，每个子字符串以$token中的字符分割。这也就意味着，如果有个字符串是"This is an example string"，你可以使用空格字符将这句话分割成独立的单词。
注意仅第一次调用 strtok 函数时使用 string 参数。后来每次调用 strtok，都将只使用 token 参数，因为它会记住它在字符串 string 中的位置。如果要重新开始分割一个新的字符串，你需要再次使用 string 来调用 strtok 函数，以便完成初始化工作。注意可以在 token 参数中使用多个字符。字符串将被该参数中任何一个字符分割。
参数
- $str
被分成若干子字符串的原始字符串。
- $token
分割$str时使用的分界字符。
返回值
标记后的字符串。
范例
Example #1strtok()范例
<?php
$string = "This is\tan example\nstring";
/* 使用制表符和换行符作为分界符 */
$tok = strtok($string, " \n\t");
while ($tok !== false) {
echo "Word=$tok<br />";
$tok = strtok(" \n\t");
}
?>当存在空的部分时strtok()的反应
<?php
$first_token = strtok('/something', '/');
$second_token = strtok('/');
var_dump($first_token, $second_token);
?>以上例程会输出：
string(9) "something"
bool(false)
注释
Warning此函数可能返回布尔值
FALSE，但也可能返回等同于FALSE的非布尔值。请阅读布尔类型章节以获取更多信息。应使用===运算符来测试此函数的返回值。
参见
- split() 用正则表达式将字符串分割到数组中
explode()使用一个字符串分割另一个字符串
<?php
// strtok example
$str = 'Hello to all of Ukraine';
echo strtok($str, ' ').' '.strtok(' ').' '.strtok(' ');
?>
Result:
Hello to all<pre><?php
/** get leading, trailing, and embedded separator tokens that were 'skipped'
if for some ungodly reason you are using php to implement a simple parser that
needs to detect nested clauses as it builds a parse tree */
$str = "(((alpha(beta))(gamma))";
$seps = '()';
$tok = strtok( $str,$seps ); // return false on empty string or null
$cur = 0;
$dumbDone = FALSE;
$done = (FALSE===$tok);
while (!$done) {
// process skipped tokens (if any at first iteration) (special for last)
$posTok = $dumbDone ? strlen($str) : strpos($str, $tok, $cur );
$skippedMany = substr( $str, $cur, $posTok-$cur ); // false when 0 width
$lenSkipped = strlen($skippedMany); // 0 when false
if (0!==$lenSkipped) {
$last = strlen($skippedMany) -1;
for($i=0; $i<=$last; $i++){
$skipped = $skippedMany[$i];
$cur += strlen($skipped);
echo "skipped: $skipped\n";
}
}
if ($dumbDone) break; // this is the only place the loop is terminated
// process current tok
echo "curr tok: ".$tok."\n";
// update cursor
$cur += strlen($tok);
// get any next tok
if (!$dumbDone){
$tok = strtok($seps);
$dumbDone = (FALSE===$tok);
// you're not really done till you check for trailing skipped
}
};
?></pre>If you have memory-usage critical solution, you should keep in mind, that strtok function holds input string parameter (or reference to it?) in memory after usage.
<?php
function tokenize($str, $token_symbols) {
$word = strtok($str, $token_symbols);
while (false !== $word) {
// do something here...
$word = strtok($token_symbols);
}
}
?>
Test-cases with handling ~10MB plain-text file:
Case #1 - unset $str variable
<?php
$token_symbols = " \t\n";
$str = file_get_contents('10MB.txt'); // mem usage 9.75383758545 MB (memory_get_usage() / 1024 / 1024));
tokenize($str, $token_symbols); // mem usage 9.75400161743 MB
unset($str); // 9.75395584106 MB
?>
Case #1 result: memory is still used
Case #2 - call strtok again
<?php
$token_symbols = " \t\n";
$str = file_get_contents('10MB.txt'); // 9.75401306152 MB
tokenize($str, $token_symbols); // 9.75417709351
strtok('', ''); // 9.75421524048
?>
Case #2 result: memory is still used
Case #3 - call strtok again AND unset $str variable
<?php
$token_symbols = " \t\n";
$str = file_get_contents('10MB.txt'); // 9.75410079956 MB
tokenize($str, $token_symbols); // 9.75426483154 MB
unset($str);
strtok('', ''); // 0.0543975830078 MB
?>
Case #3 result: memory is free
So, better solution for tokenize function:
<?php
function tokenize($str, $token_symbols, $token_reset = true) {
$word = strtok($str, $token_symbols);
while (false !== $word) {
// do something here...
$word = strtok($token_symbols);
}
if($token_reset)
strtok('', '');
}
?>If you want to tokenize by only one letter, explode() is much faster compared to strtok().
<?php
$str=str_repeat('foo ',10000);
//explode()
$time=microtime(TRUE);
$arr=explode($str,' ');
$time=microtime(TRUE)-$time;
echo "explode():$time sec.".PHP_EOL;
//strtok()
$time=microtime(TRUE);
$ret=strtok(' ',$str);
while($ret!==FALSE){
$ret=strtok(' ');
}
$time=microtime(TRUE)-$time;
echo "strtok():$time sec.".PHP_EOL;
?>
The result is : (PHP 5.3.3 on CentOS)
explode():0.001317024230957 sec.
strtok():0.0058917999267578 sec.
explode() is about five times fast in short strings, too.Remove GET variables from the URL
<?php
echo strtok('http://example.com/index.php?foo=1&bar=2', '?');
?>
Result:
http://example.com/index.phpSimple way to tokenize search parameters, including double or single quoted keys. If only one quote is found, the rest of the string is assumed to be part of that token.
<?php
$token = strtok($keywords,' ');
while ($token) {
// find double quoted tokens
if ($token{0}=='"') { $token .= ' '.strtok('"').'"'; }
// find single quoted tokens
if ($token{0}=="'") { $token .= ' '.strtok("'")."'"; }
$tokens[] = $token;
$token = strtok(' ');
}
?>
Use substr(1,strlen($token)) and remove the part that adds the trailing quotes if you want your output without quotes.This looks very simple, but it took me a long time to figure out so I thought I'd share it incase someone else was wanting the same thing:
this should work similar to substr() but with tokens instead!
<?php
/* subtok(string,chr,pos,len)
*
* chr = chr used to seperate tokens
* pos = starting postion
* len = length, if negative count back from right
*
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',0) = 'a.b.c.d.e'
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',0,2) = 'a.b'
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',2,1) = 'c'
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',2,-1) = 'c.d'
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',-4) = 'b.c.d.e'
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',-4,2) = 'b.c'
* subtok('a.b.c.d.e','.',-4,-1) = 'b.c.d'
*/
function subtok($string,$chr,$pos,$len = NULL) {
return implode($chr,array_slice(explode($chr,$string),$pos,$len));
}
?>
explode breaks the tokens up into an array, array slice alows you to pick then tokens you want, and then implode converts it back to a string
although its far from a clone, this was inspired by mIRC's gettok() function@maisuma you invert paramaters of explode() and strtok() functions, your code does not do what you expect.
You expect to read the input string token after token so equivalent code for strtok() is arra_filter(explode()) because explode() return lines of empty string when several delimiters are contiguous in the read string, for example 2 whitespaces between.
In fact strtok() is much faster (x2 at least) than arra_filter(explode()) if the read string contains several contiguous delimiters ,
it is slower if the read string contains one and only one delimiter between tokens.
<?php
$repeat = 10;
$delimiter = ':';
$str=str_repeat('foo:',$repeat);
$timeStrtok=microtime(TRUE);
$token = strtok($str, $delimiter);
while($token!==FALSE){
//echo $token . ',';
$token=strtok($delimiter);
}
$timeStrtok -=microtime(TRUE);
$timeExplo=microtime(TRUE);
$arr = explode($delimiter, $str);
//$arr = array_filter($arr);
$timeExplo -=microtime(TRUE);
//print_r($arr);
$X = 1000000; $unit = 'microsec';
echo PHP_EOL . ' explode() : ' . -$timeExplo . ' ' .$unit .PHP_EOL . ' strtok() : ' . -$timeStrtok . ' ' . $unit .PHP_EOL;
$timeExplo=round(-$timeExplo*$X);
$timeStrtok=round(-$timeStrtok*$X);
echo PHP_EOL . ' explode() : ' . $timeExplo . ' ' .$unit .PHP_EOL . ' strtok() : ' . $timeStrtok . ' ' . $unit .PHP_EOL;
echo ' ratio explode / strtok : ' . round($timeExplo / $timeStrtok,1) . PHP_EOL;
?>Note that strtok may receive different tokens each time. Therefore, if, for example, you wish to extract several words and then the rest of the sentence:
<?php
$text = "13 202 5 This is a long message explaining the error codes.";
$error1 = strtok($text, " "); //13
$error2 = strtok(" "); //202
$error3 = strtok(" "); //5
$error_message = strtok(""); //Notice the different token parameter
echo $error_message; //This is a long message explaining the error codes.
?>Might be pointing out the obvious but if you'd rather use a for loop rather than a while (to keep the token strings on the same line for readability for example), it can be done. Added bonus, it doesn't put a $tok variable outside the loop itself either.
Downside however is that you're not able to manually free up the memory used using the technique mentioned by elarlang.
<?php
for($tok = strtok($str, ' _-.'); $tok!==false; $tok = strtok(' _-.'))
{
echo "$tok </br>";
}
?>As of the change in strtok()'s handling of empty strings, it is now useless for scripts that rely on empty data to function. Take for instance, a standard header. (with UNIX newlines) http/1.0 200 OK\n Content-Type: text/html\n \n --HTML BODY HERE--- When parsing this with strtok, one would wait until it found an empty string to signal the end of the header. However, because strtok now skips empty segments, it is impossible to know when the header has ended. This should not be called `correct' behavior, it certainly is not. It has rendered strtok incapable of (properly) processing a very simple standard. This new functionality, however, does not affect Windows style headers. You would search for a line that only contains "\r" This, however, is not a justification for the change.
Here is a java like StringTokenizer class using strtok function:
<?php
/**
* The string tokenizer class allows an application to break a string into tokens.
*
* @example The following is one example of the use of the tokenizer. The code:
* <code>
* <?php
* $str = 'this is:@\t\n a test!';
* $delim = ' !@:'\t\n; // remove these chars
* $st = new StringTokenizer($str, $delim);
* while ($st->hasMoreTokens()) {
* echo $st->nextToken() . "\n";
* }
* prints the following output:
* this
* is
* a
* test
* ?>
* </code>
*/
class StringTokenizer {
/**
* @var string
*/
private $token;
/**
* @var string
*/
private $delim;
/**
* Constructs a string tokenizer for the specified string
* @param string $str String to tokenize
* @param string $delim The set of delimiters (the characters that separate tokens)
* specified at creation time, default to ' '
*/
public function __construct(/*string*/ $str, /*string*/ $delim = ' ') {
$this->token = strtok($str, $delim);
$this->delim = $delim;
}
public function __destruct() {
unset($this);
}
/**
* Tests if there are more tokens available from this tokenizer's string. It
* does not move the internal pointer in any way. To move the internal pointer
* to the next element call nextToken()
* @return boolean - true if has more tokens, false otherwise
*/
public function hasMoreTokens() {
return ($this->token !== false);
}
/**
* Returns the next token from this string tokenizer and advances the internal
* pointer by one.
* @return string - next element in the tokenized string
*/
public function nextToken() {
$current = $this->token;
$this->token = strtok($this->delim);
return $current;
}
}
?>Here's a simple class that allows you to iterate through string tokens using a foreach loop.
<?php
/**
* The TokenIterator class allows you to iterate through string tokens using
* the familiar foreach control structure.
*
* Example:
* <code>
* <?php
* $string = 'This is a test.';
* $delimiters = ' ';
* $ti = new TokenIterator($string, $delimiters);
*
* foreach ($ti as $count => $token) {
* echo sprintf("%d, %s\n", $count, $token);
* }
*
* // Prints the following output:
* // 0. This
* // 1. is
* // 2. a
* // 3. test.
* </code>
*/
class TokenIterator implements Iterator
{
/**
* The string to tokenize.
* @var string
*/
protected $_string;
/**
* The token delimiters.
* @var string
*/
protected $_delims;
/**
* Stores the current token.
* @var mixed
*/
protected $_token;
/**
* Internal token counter.
* @var int
*/
protected $_counter = 0;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param string $string The string to tokenize.
* @param string $delims The token delimiters.
*/
public function __construct($string, $delims)
{
$this->_string = $string;
$this->_delims = $delims;
$this->_token = strtok($string, $delims);
}
/**
* @see Iterator::current()
*/
public function current()
{
return $this->_token;
}
/**
* @see Iterator::key()
*/
public function key()
{
return $this->_counter;
}
/**
* @see Iterator::next()
*/
public function next()
{
$this->_token = strtok($this->_delims);
if ($this->valid()) {
++$this->_counter;
}
}
/**
* @see Iterator::rewind()
*/
public function rewind()
{
$this->_counter = 0;
$this->_token = strtok($this->_string, $this->_delims);
}
/**
* @see Iterator::valid()
*/
public function valid()
{
return $this->_token !== FALSE;
}
}
?>I found this useful for parsing user entered links in text fields.
e.g. This is a link <http://example.com>
function parselink($link) {
$bit1 = trim(strtok($link, '<'));
$bit2 = trim(strtok('>'));
$html = '<a href="'.$bit2.'">'.$bit1.'</a>';
return $html; // <a href="http://example.com">This is a link</a>
}Remove GET variables from the URL
<?php
$url = strtok('http://php.net/manual/en/ref.strings.php?foo=1&bar=2', '?');
// $url = 'http://php.net/manual/en/ref.strings.php'this example will hopefully help you understand how this function works:
<?php
$selector = 'div.class#id';
$tagname = strtok($selector,'.#');
echo $tagname.'<br/>';
while($tok = strtok('.#'))
{
echo $tok.'<br/>';
}
?>
Outputs:
div
class
idThis function takes a string and returns an array with words (delimited by spaces), also taking into account quotes, doublequotes, backticks and backslashes (for escaping stuff).
So
$string = "cp 'my file' to `Judy's file`";
var_dump(parse_cli($string));
would yield:
array(4) {
[0]=>
string(2) "cp"
[1]=>
string(7) "my file"
[2]=>
string(5) "to"
[3]=>
string(11) "Judy's file"
}
Way it works, runs through the string character by character, for each character looking up the action to take, based on that character and its current $state.
Actions can be (one or more of) adding the character/string to the current word, adding the word to the output array, and changing or (re)storing the state.
For example a space will become part of the current 'word' (or 'token') if $state is 'doublequoted', but it will start a new token if $state was 'unquoted'.
I was later told it's a "tokeniser using a finite state automaton". Who knew :-)
<?php
#_____________________
# parse_cli($string) /
function parse_cli($string) {
$state = 'space';
$previous = ''; // stores current state when encountering a backslash (which changes $state to 'escaped', but has to fall back into the previous $state afterwards)
$out = array(); // the return value
$word = '';
$type = ''; // type of character
// array[states][chartypes] => actions
$chart = array(
'space' => array('space'=>'', 'quote'=>'q', 'doublequote'=>'d', 'backtick'=>'b', 'backslash'=>'ue', 'other'=>'ua'),
'unquoted' => array('space'=>'w ', 'quote'=>'a', 'doublequote'=>'a', 'backtick'=>'a', 'backslash'=>'e', 'other'=>'a'),
'quoted' => array('space'=>'a', 'quote'=>'w ', 'doublequote'=>'a', 'backtick'=>'a', 'backslash'=>'e', 'other'=>'a'),
'doublequoted' => array('space'=>'a', 'quote'=>'a', 'doublequote'=>'w ', 'backtick'=>'a', 'backslash'=>'e', 'other'=>'a'),
'backticked' => array('space'=>'a', 'quote'=>'a', 'doublequote'=>'a', 'backtick'=>'w ', 'backslash'=>'e', 'other'=>'a'),
'escaped' => array('space'=>'ap', 'quote'=>'ap', 'doublequote'=>'ap', 'backtick'=>'ap', 'backslash'=>'ap', 'other'=>'ap'));
for ($i=0; $i<=strlen($string); $i++) {
$char = substr($string, $i, 1);
$type = array_search($char, array('space'=>' ', 'quote'=>'\'', 'doublequote'=>'"', 'backtick'=>'`', 'backslash'=>'\\'));
if (! $type) $type = 'other';
if ($type == 'other') {
// grabs all characters that are also 'other' following the current one in one go
preg_match("/[ \'\"\`\\\]/", $string, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $i);
if ($matches) {
$matches = $matches[0];
$char = substr($string, $i, $matches[1]-$i); // yep, $char length can be > 1
$i = $matches[1] - 1;
}else{
// no more match on special characters, that must mean this is the last word!
// the .= hereunder is because we *might* be in the middle of a word that just contained special chars
$word .= substr($string, $i);
break; // jumps out of the for() loop
}
}
$actions = $chart[$state][$type];
for($j=0; $j<strlen($actions); $j++) {
$act = substr($actions, $j, 1);
if ($act == ' ') $state = 'space';
if ($act == 'u') $state = 'unquoted';
if ($act == 'q') $state = 'quoted';
if ($act == 'd') $state = 'doublequoted';
if ($act == 'b') $state = 'backticked';
if ($act == 'e') { $previous = $state; $state = 'escaped'; }
if ($act == 'a') $word .= $char;
if ($act == 'w') { $out[] = $word; $word = ''; }
if ($act == 'p') $state = $previous;
}
}
if (strlen($word)) $out[] = $word;
return $out;
}
?>Here is a small function I wrote as I needed to extract some named tokens from a string (a la Google). For example, I needed to format a string like "extension:gif size:64M animated:true author:'John Bash'" into
array(
'extension' => 'gif',
'size' => '64M',
'animated' => true,
'author' => 'John Bash'
)
So, here's the code:
<?php
header('Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8');
/**
* NOTE : use mbstring.func_overload for multi-byte support with this function
*
* @param string $string the string to tokenize
* @param int $offset the starting offset
* @param string $defaultTokenName the default token name if none specified
* @param string $groupDelimiters the characters to delimit token groups
* @param string $groupNameDelimiter the character(s) to delimit token group names
* @return array
*/
function getTokens(
$string,
$offset = 0,
$defaultTokenName = null,
$groupDelimiters = '\'"',
$groupNameDelimiter = ':')
{
if ($offset >= strlen($string)) {
//echo "offset out of range";
return false;
}
$spaces = " \t\n\r"; // space characters
// add group delimiters to spaces...
$groupSpaces = $spaces . $groupNameDelimiter;
$delimiters = $groupSpaces . $groupDelimiters;
//var_dump($groupSpaces);
$string = ltrim(substr($string, $offset), $groupSpaces);
$token_strings = array();
//echo "String is : " . $string . "\n";
// 1. split all tokens...
while ($offset < strlen($string)) {
$lastOffset = $offset;
$escaped = false;
if (false !== strpos($groupDelimiters, $char = $string[$offset])) {
$groupChar = $char;
} else {
$groupChar = null;
}
if (null !== $groupChar) {
while (($offset < strlen($string)) && (($groupChar !== ($char = $string[++$offset])) || $escaped)) {
//$offset++;
$escaped = ('\\' === $char);
}
$offset++;
//echo "*** Grouped : " . substr($string, $lastOffset, $offset - $lastOffset) . "\n";
} else {
while (($offset < strlen($string)) && ((false === strpos($delimiters, $char = $string[$offset])) || $escaped)) {
$offset++;
$escaped = ('\\' === $char);
}
//echo "*** Non-group : " . substr($string, $lastOffset, $offset - $lastOffset) . "\n";
}
//skip spaces...
while (($offset < strlen($string)) && ((false !== strpos($groupSpaces, $char = $string[$offset])) || $escaped)) {
$offset++;
$escaped = ('\\' === $char);
}
$token_strings[] = substr($string, $lastOffset, $offset - $lastOffset);
//echo "Next token = '" . end($token_strings) . "'\n";
}
$tokens = array();
$tokenName = null;
foreach ($token_strings as $token_str) {
// clean $token_str
$token_str = trim(stripslashes($token_str), $spaces);
$str_value = trim($token_str, $delimiters);
switch (strtolower($str_value)) {
case 'true': $str_value = true; break;
case 'false': $str_value = false; break;
default: break;
}
// is it a token name?
if (':' === substr($token_str, -1, 1)) {
if (!empty($tokenName)) {
$tokens[$tokenName] = '';
}
$tokenName = trim($token_str, $delimiters);
} else {
if (!empty($tokenName)) {
if (isset($tokens[$tokenName])) {
$tokens[$tokenName] = array(
$tokens[$tokenName],
$str_value
);
} else {
$tokens[$tokenName] = $str_value;
}
$tokenName = null;
} elseif (empty($defaultTokenName)) {
$tokens[] = trim($token_str, $delimiters);;
} else {
if (isset($tokens[$defaultTokenName])) {
$tokens[$defaultTokenName] = array(
$tokens[$defaultTokenName],
$str_value
);
} else {
$tokens[$defaultTokenName] = $str_value;
}
}
}
}
if (!empty($tokenName)) {
$tokens[$tokenName] = '';
}
return $tokens;
}
$str = "check1: test "
. "check2:'hello world' "
. 'check3: "foo" '
. "check4: \\\"try this\\\""
. '"buz" '
. 'check1:true';
?>